Patriot Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patriot Act - Essay Example the freedom of speech and assembly (First Amendment); the freedom from unreasonable search and seizure (Fourth Amendment); the right to due process of law (Fifth Amendment); the right to a speedy, public and fair trial along with the right to counsel and to confront the accuser (Sixth Amendment), the freedom from cruel and unusual punishment (Eighth Amendment) and freedom from punishment without conviction (13th Amendment). According to the Justice Department, the PATRIOT Act gives support to and encourages enhanced sharing of information among various law enforcement agencies at the local, state and federal levels. In addition, this law assists law enforcement in their efforts to â€Å"connect the dots† from a wider scope of agencies when assembling evidence so as to â€Å"develop a complete picture† regarding possible threats from terrorists (Ward, 2002). The PATRIOT Act gives law enforcement more latitude when attempting to intercept transmissions of ‘suspected terrorist’s’ discussions via electronic surveillance. Agents of the government can now secretly tap into any citizen’s phone calls or internet communications including all visited web sites (Rackow, 2002). If directed by the Justice Department, police officers can enter people’s homes without benefit of a warrant and even seize their belongings and not ever have to inform the homeowner of the se arch. Individuals as well as religious and political organizations can legally be spied on by law enforcement agencies whether or not those agencies can produce any evidence a crime has or is planning to be committed. In addition, citizens are denied their Fifth Amendment right of due process by the Act. They can be forcibly detained and refused access to an attorney with no evidence being supplied by which to justify this previously illegal action. Critics of the Act suggest that is in contradiction to the tenants of the First Amendment. As an example, a citizen can be identified and treated as

Racial Profiling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Racial Profiling - Essay Example Moreover, the racial biased activity cannot be sanctified under any legitimate body and across the history of human crimes, it has been noted that at times the Racial Profiling gets limited to a very narrow activity, but there are also evidences where the act of Racial Profiling has been very stark and broad as in the past, police authorities have been found critical of a particular race or ethnic class in forming a reaction against suspicion and taking action against an individual based on a racial suspicion. In the United States particularly, the issue of Racial Profiling is gaining a very serious and a growing ground. With Americas first African American President elected four years ago, a considerable point of turning in the century old battle of America’s racial equality was being noticed. Yet, the government and the society of America have still left miles to cover when instances like frisking another former president and a global dignitary prop up. Former President of I ndia Dr, APJ Abdul Kalam was frisked twice at the JKF airport, New York, under a suspicion framed on his being a south East Asian and Muslim moreover. This essay shall throw light on the narrow shortcomings of the system of Racial Profiling and will also uphold the subtle factors that are hampering the growth, unity and position of the United States for maintaining Racial Profiling in the global domain and within the country as well (Debate.org, â€Å"History and Debate of Racial Profiling†; The Times of India, â€Å"Former President APJ Abdul Kalam Frisked Twice in US†). RACIAL PROFILING AND ACCEPTANCE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE At the outset of the argument itself, it is quite evident to quote that Racial Profiling should not get a proper and uniformed sanctity from law enforcement authorities across the nation. Already in many jurisdictions in the United States itself, the practice of Racial Profiling facet has been termed illegal. In the year 2001 itself, former p resident of America George W. Bush summoned a Joint Session of Congress and made a declaration that Racial Profiling is viewed by America as illegal and America is soon going to put an end to the practice. The United States of America, from its name to its founding ideals, envisage the philosophy of liberty, equality and fraternity. Upon these three pillars of liberty, equality and fraternity, did the founding fathers laid the pavement for America’s unity and integrity. However, the founding fathers of the nation while framing the constitution of America were least aware of the complexity, it was about to face. Suspecting any individual based on his race or ethnicity without a probable reason of suspicion actually curbs his or her individual liberty and dignity (Department of Justice, â€Å"Racial Profiling†). Under this light, Racial Profiling can be viewed as a battle of an individual against his race or color. African Americans, Hispanics or Asians who have the citi zenship in America and pay a considerable amount in the development of the nation are also not being spared. A man black in color if waits long at the corner of the street, waiting for his bus, definitely will be picked up by the patrolling van and asked questions about his backgrounds. Black teenagers in America are the softest targets of interrogation and they actually fear their free movement within the country. Situations for the Asians and specially Southeast Asians after the attacks of 9/11 are worst; they are stopped,

Not Much Just Chillin Essay Example for Free

Not Much Just Chillin Essay Change is known to be the most constant thing in the world. Hence, individuals are often changing which leads to conflicting issues in life. Moreover, every person gets into a stage where in a person needs to change. Most of us experience change during our moments in middle school. Every person during this time of his or her life experiences changes. In addition to this, there are interests which are discovered by these individuals. More so, the changes lead to the various kind personality developments. In the book written by Linda Perlstein titled â€Å"Not Much Just Chillin’† she discussed the reality of middle school. Through her observation, research and writing, Perlstein is able to provide a very vivid and realistic condition of the students in middle school. Hence, it is very evident that middle school children are usually confronted with issue to their families, environment as well as the media which are highly influential to the development of young people. The book written by Perlstein provided a vivid example of the types of individuals within the middle school setting. There are the typical individuals such as the popular group, the geeks, the minor ethnicities and the likes. More so, the people who are reading the book could easily relate to the various types of individuals being portrayed in the book. Definitely, the book is presenting a very important aspect of the teenage life. Different parts of the book present a very good perspective of the situation in middle school. Moreover, the writing of Perlstein focuses on the perspective of the youth during their development into adulthood. In the light of this, the book provides a very easy reading to different individuals. For the book is discussing about the youth and their development, the book somehow reaches to the young audiences who are interested in reading and understanding the stages of their development. The varieties of stages that are being experienced by different groups in the middle school setting are discussed through a very descriptive style. On the other hand, parents must also read this book for it provides insights regarding the development of their children. Although it is known that parents have been in the same stage of youth, the changes and liberation of teenagers are still different in the current era. Also, professors and teachers must be able to comprehend the various types of students in school. More so, the book presents a descriptive perspective of the situation in the middle school setting however Perlstein does not provide any type of resolution regarding this matter. The readers are left hanging of what they could do in order to have a safe environment for different students. In conclusion, the book is a good read for individuals who are interested in the psychological perspective of middle school age group. More so, there is nothing really shocking about the book provided by Perlstein. Through the very clear influence of media and the environment many youth are led to very complicated situations such as teenage pregnancy, drug addiction, and a changing perception with regards to responsibilities and adulthood. These problematic cases are stated to be caused by different entities provided in the earlier paragraphs. Therefore, all the entities become an important influence to the lives of each student. Definitely the book written by Perlstein is very informative however; it also has the similar type of theme compared to other books available. Although this is the case, the book was able to reach to me as a reader. Through the experiences which I had in the past, I know have a better understanding of myself. Furthermore, I have a better understanding of the people surrounding me. Hence, I was able to create my own methods of addressing the issues of different personalities and perspectives. Due to the book written by Perlstein I was able to enjoy a book relating to various kinds of individuals.

AE response to Alcoholism :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This week’s selections of articles from the AE reader were both interesting and thought provoking. The first article â€Å"Drinking to get Drunk,† details the growing concern of binge drinking on college campuses across the country. I thought it was very interesting that 23% of students are â€Å"frequent binge drinkers† whereby frequent binge drinking is operationally defined as those who consumed at least five drinks in a row at one point during any two week period. This is startling number when thinking of my own drinking habits or even the social norms of drinking on this campus. I would be confident in claiming that at Providence College, the percentage of frequent binge drinkers is likely higher than the national percentage. With the social culture of this campus being focused on gatherings that include alcohol, it is hard to remove oneself from a drinking climate. As a student leader on this campus, we are required to program so many a lcohol free activities to promote a â€Å"dry† campus. These efforts go unnoticed and very often are unattended by students because of the competition of the off campus bar scene. Perhaps if the surrounding community (ie: local bar establishments/package stores, law enforcement officials, attorney generals office) becomes more stringent in enforcing underage drinking regulations, it will become more difficult for underage students on this campus to drink. Or on the flipside, the result could be just as devastating with a shift in drinking off campus to on campus, causing more on campus disciplinary actions. This could be worth it however if it means that students will be drinking in their dorms and in a fairly safe environment unlike our neighboring community. Further examination on this campus is necessary and continues through student congress and Fr. McPhail’s office. Personally, I don’t think the drinking climate will change until the allure of drinking and being drunk is discouraged and students develop a mature sense of what is â€Å"cool.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second article â€Å"The Drug that Pretends it Isn’t† is also an article related to alcohol and the nasty consequences of drinking on our society. The article opens with the giggle of Jamaica, the trendy spring break hot spot that many college students flock to. A policy research group called Drug Strategies produced a report that calls alcohol â€Å"America’s most pervasive drug problem,† which is sadly true. What shocked me was the claim that alcohol-related deaths outnumber deaths related to drugs four to one; alcohol is a factor in more than half of all domestic-violence and sexual assault cases.

Explaining of the Sociological Perspectives in Health and Social Care

There are 3 main perspectives: †¢ The Structural/Functional Perspective – Relationship between parts of society, i.e. how aspects of society are functional and adaptive. – Macro – all aspects of society contribute to the way society functions as a whole. For example the government pays for school teachers and schools and bin collection etc. and in return citizens pay tax. The country couldn’t run without the citizens paying tax. People who believe in this theory believe that member of society have to work together and agree on what will be best for society as a whole. †¢ The Conflict Perspective – Competition for scarce resources, i.e. how the elite control the poor and weak. – Macro – this theory focuses on the negative aspects and conflicted areas of society, the ever changing areas. – Society is ever struggling and inevitably changing sometimes it is beneficial and other times it is negative and violent. Inequality is widely spread. To one partner this is the symbol of eternal love.To the other a mere financial expense. †¢ Symbolic/Interaction Perspective – Use of symbols, i.e. face to face interactions. – Micro – how people interact with each other and how they interpret symbols and the details of everyday life. People are seen to attach meanings to symbols, and then act up on these meanings. Words are not static they have a meaning or meanings but the way in which the sender means/says the word could be taken differently by the receiver. Micro – level of analysis is of small social patternsMacro – level of analysis is of large social patternsThe principal of sociological perspective are:Functionalism- an important part of some accounts of functionalism is the idea of multiple realisation. Since, according to standard functionalist theories, mental states are the corresponding functional role, mental states can be sufficiently explained without taking i nto account the underlying physical medium (e.g. the brain, neurons, etc.) that realizes such states; one need only take into account the higher-level functions in the cognitive system.Marxism- is an economic political theory by which law is considered an instrument of oppression and control, and which the ruling class uses against the working class. Marxism holds at its core a critical analysis of capitalism and a theory of social change. The powerful and innovative analytical methods Marx introduced have influenced a broad range of disciplines.Feminism- has altered predominant perspectives in a wide range of areas within Western society, ranging from culture to law. Feminist activists have campaigned for women's legal rights (rights of contract, property rights, voting rights); for women's right to bodily integrity and autonomy, for abortion rights. A social institution can be defined as an organizational system which functions to satisfy basic social needs by providing safe and s uitable environment. Institutions such as: government – public servicesreligion – place of worship education – schools economics – areas family – social servicesPrimary socialisation is when you learn the basic day to day norms and values through socialisation. This occurs during childhood. Secondary socialisation is when learning what is the appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society. To learn how to react to the situation you find yourself in. This occurs with teenagers and adults, and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialisation. WHO (world health organisation): definition of HealthHealth is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. 3 main factors that influence healthGeneticsPhysical environmentSocial environment – an individual’s choice and peer pressure of ‘friends’ e.g. doing drugs may b e forced by peers. Home, lifestyle, nutrition and income all affect health also. Concepts of healthPersonal responsibility – if you keep yourself clean and tidy (covering up cuts) then you minimize the risk of infection. If you do exercise and eat good food you build up your immune system. Health as the absence of illness – if you remain in a healthy state then it’s unlikely for you to become ill. All of these affect a person’s health.Concepts of ill-health Ill health as a disease – if a disease can be cured it can only be done by medicine or treatment Ill health as a disorder – a disorder can be treated sometimes and can be done by changing your lifestyle or with help from medicine or treatment.Definitions of disability Impairment = a loss or abnormality of physical bodily structure or function, of logic-psychic origin, or physiological or anatomical origin Disability = any limitation or function loss deriving from impairment that prevents the performance of an activity in the time-lapse considered normal for a human being Handicap = the disadvantaged condition deriving from impairment or disability limiting a person performing a role considered normal in respect of their age, sex and social and cultural factors The medical model sees a person’s impairment as the cause of disability. The person with a disability to adapt to society instead of society adapting to them. Socio-medical modelRecognises links between social life and the body. The social model is based on the premise that people are not disabled because of illness or impairment. Instead, they are disabled because of how society is constructed.MEDICAL MODEL SOCIAL MODEL Disability is a deficiency or abnormality. Disability is a difference. Being disabled is negative. Being disabled, in itself, is neutral. Disability resides in the individual.Disability derives from interaction between the individual and society. The remedy for disability-related proble ms is cure or normalization of the individual. The remedy for disability-related problems are a change in the interaction between the individual and society. The agent of remedy is the professional.The agent of remedy can be the individual, an advocate, or anyone who affects the arrangements between the individual and society. Even though people who have disabilities are very different, we are all different ages, races, and different kinds of disabilities, we still share a lot of things in common – such as a common history and common experiences of being discriminated against (being treated different because of our disability). MedicalisationTendency of normal life stages, experience and events as needing medical intervention because they are seen to be risky and problematic. Clinical iceberg – medical issues, the amount recognised etc. is just like the tip of an ice berg

Analysis Of Phyllis Wheatley s On Being Brought From...

On being brought from Africa to America† by Phyllis Wheatley TWAS mercy brought me from my Pagan land, Taught my benighted soul to understand That there s a God, that there s a Saviour too: Once I redemption neither sought nor knew, Some view our sable race with scornful eye, Their colour is a diabolic die. Remember, Christians, Negroes, black as Cain, May be refin d, and join th angelic train. (Wheatley) The title, On Being Brought from Africa to the America is nearly as frank as you can get. This poem is clearly about the writer’s thoughts about being transported as a slave from Africa such as, Gambia or Senegal areas that were not considered to be Christian land by America’s standards. The identification additionally makes known the concept of suggestion, or change. Phyllis makes use of metaphorical dialectal within the poem, and just as, she become converted from being a pagan to a Christian. The title tells us about being moved from one area to another. One would have observed that the word, brought is utilized and implemented not words such as, kidnapped or stolen. There were no other phrases utilized or implement to indicate the struggle that slaves persisted as they had been taken far away from their place of birth. Phyllis clearly uses a positive tone. â€Å"On Being Brought† is the passive form that Wheatley utilizes, in order to make a direct statement. She associates her coming to America as a worthy factor that, brings her to the religion of Christianity

Animal Testing Classifies As Legal, Sanctioned Abuse

Animal testing classifies as legal, sanctioned abuse. When an animal is in a lab as a test subject, there is no limit to what harm may be inflicted upon it. Over one hundred million animals go through this torture each year (PETA). These animals spend the majority of their lives in an unnatural, stressful environment, fearing what kind of thing will happen to them next. They are kept behind bars with usually no access to sunshine or fresh air, unable to act as they would if they were free (PETA). Dogs being tested on can not run around in the grass, birds can not fly around outside, and mice have no wheel to exercise on. Animals in labs go through thorough, invasive experiments, often ending in death. Many of these tests they go through†¦show more content†¦A paper by researchers at Yale University titled â€Å"Where is the Evidence that Animal Research Benefits Humans?† looks at various studies in which animals were used and shows that there is a small amount of evid ence proving that these tests were directly beneficial to humans. In animal testing, human diseases and toxicity symptoms are mimicked in the animal, and the results of the test are often not similar in humans and animals (Stokes).The Food and Drug Administration reported that over ninety percent of products deemed to be safe for animals failed the test when given to humans. Many prescription drugs, such as Oraflex, Suprol, and Selacryn, are intensely tested on animals, and once they are distributed for human use, the results are not the same, causing sickness or death (PETA). For example, in 2004, a drug called Vioxx, intended to help with arthritis, was tested to be safe on animals, yet when brought up for people to use, it caused over sixty thousand deaths in the United States alone. Animals are not humans; therefore, they are not made up in the same way as humans are. Although we share many of the same functions as animals, our genes, cells, and tissues differ (Stokes). If one w ere to take a human gene and insert it into a rat, the gene would function completely differently in the rat’s body, just as a chemical would function completely differently in a human or rat. A quote from Pandora Pound, a British medical journal states, â€Å"The claim that animalShow MoreRelatedAbnormal Psychology. Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior20707 Words   |  83 Pagespleasant emotions. (p. 99) JERRY BEGINS TO TELL HIS STORY, GUIDED BY THE INTERVIEWER. 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In the case of any social science theory, including organization theory, this is to do with the behaviour of people in various social contexts. 2. Theories define, classify or categorize aspects of the world – the what of that which we are studying. 3. Theories propose reasons in the form of cause-and-effect relationships that explain the variation of a particular phenomenon in terms of the effects of the action of